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GSM smart phones are the most widely used in the entire world. Reports suggest that the typical comprises some 80% of all cell phones in use around the globe. And while GSM cell phones are a all-pervasive feature of 1st world countries, it is their presence in far less “civilized” areas that best demonstrates the reach and influence of current communications.
Picture Somalia: a substantial, desert country on the eastern horn of Africa which for the past 20 years has been wracked through civil war and famine. Bombed out bullet riddled cities dot the barren landscape where for thousands of years, nomads have roamed the desert herding goats as well as camels across hundreds of miles from pastures in the rainy season to sell in the dry period. Even practical measures of distance here do not adhere to the metric or imperial conditions used by the rest of the world.
Nomad determine distance simply by units referred to as a Gedi: the distance a browsing herd animal could travel in a single day, which changes every season relying on the physical strength of each herd. Even working automobiles are rare here, not to mention something sophisticated as a GSM cellular phone. Yet the simple application of GSM cell phones, which we under western culture have long taken for granted, has proven unbelievably practical to this nomadic way of life.
For decades, Somali herdsmen have followed an annual pattern. At the end of the year as soon as the dry season comes, they migrate from the more fertile fields elsewhere in the country, across the desert, to coastal cities where they can promote their stock in the markets to traders from the Middle East and elsewhere. Keeping their animals in pens in the cities while they organize a sale is incredibly costly, as they will have to continue to feed and water their herd with stores provided for by local merchants at obscene rates. They have no alternative. However, GSM cell phones have granted them to forego this process.
A Somali nomad, a man wearing hand sewn clothes that he has probably worn for almost all of his life, carrying a staff in the traditional posture – horizontally over his shoulders, his arms resting atop – a person who sleeps using a mat of thatched grass under the stars, beside a fire he constructed himself, can now merely make a phone call and organize the sale of his herd ahead of time. Instead of lingering in the city for several days, expending what meager wealth he has on sustaining his herd there, hoping his sale can get back his losses and also turn a profit, he can now simply set up to have a buyer prepared for him the instant he arrives. Such high technology might appear incredibly out of place in Somalia, but it’s application is perfectly suited to the needs of a nomad.